艾曼妞3:爱的课程

一 |     初秋时节，衡水湖旅游景区樱花岛畔的生态浮架上，数十只白鹭、苍鹭时而低头觅食，时而振翅起舞，为湖面平添了更多生机。    Mosquitoes use the body odor, heat, and carbon dioxide that humans emit, varying from person to person, to find their next meal. The study, which was published in the scientific journal Cell, reveals that mosquitoes may perceive odors via a variety of distinct pathways, in contrast to animals, which have a single set of neurons that detect each sort of odor.,Female mosquitoes use the variety of odors that people and other animals produce to find the blood that will feed their eggs. The olfactory neurons in the insects' antennae, which are where they take up scents, detect and send scent information to the brain.,Groups of human-odor receptors on the olfactory neurons in the antennae of female mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) were rendered inactive by the study's lead author Meg Younger and her colleagues at Boston University in Massachusetts using the gene editing tool CRISPR.,"We found that there’s a real difference in the way mosquitoes encode the odors that they encounter compared to what we’ve learned from other animals,” Younger is quoted as saying in the Guardian report on the findings.,According to Younger, the scientists believed that mosquitoes would adhere to the core tenet of olfaction, which states that each neuron expresses only one type of receptor.,“Instead, what we’ve seen is that different receptors can respond to different odors in the same neuron," she added.,This reportedly suggests that mosquitoes can still detect human odors after losing one or more receptors. The researchers asserted that this backup system may have developed as a survival mechanism.,"The mosquito Aedes aegypti is specialized to bite humans, and it is believed that they evolved to do that because humans are always close to fresh water and mosquitoes lay their eggs in fresh water. We are basically the perfect meal, so the drive to find humans is extremely strong," Younger explained,In the end, the researchers argued, knowing how the mosquito brain perceives human odor could be used to influence biting behavior and stop the spread of diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever that are transmitted by those insects.,"One major strategy for controlling mosquitoes is to attract them to traps to remove them from the biting population. If we could use this knowledge to understand how human odor is represented in the mosquito antennae and brain, we could develop blends that are more attractive to mosquitoes than we are. We could also develop repellants that target those receptors and neurons that detect human odor," Younger concluded.,Notably, Christopher Potter at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Maryland recently found a similar phenomenon in fruit flies, or Drosophila melanogaster.,“If one of these types of olfactory receptors is mutated or no longer functioning, there’s this backup system," Potter is quoted as saying in the New Scientist report. “It’s changing the dogma of what we thought we knew about the olfactory system.”,Science & TechSmell of Blood: Mosquitoes' Scent-Based Host-Seeking Mechanism Revealed16 May, 05:54 GMT。“原来这些鸟儿个头这么大，太漂亮了！”“能这么近距离观鸟，这还是第一次！”……岸边的观鸟台上，也跟着热闹起来，游客纷纷举起手机，将鸟儿们戏水觅食的身影定格。

二 | “我小时候来过几次，没想到现在变化这么大。”来自上海的游客董伟说，他这次专门带孩子来看衡水湖。衡水湖水域面积75平方公里，是华北平原单体面积最大的内陆淡水湖，也是东亚—澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙通道上的重要驿站。随着衡水湖生态环境日趋向好，很多鸟儿把这里当成了永久家园，目前衡水湖已观测到鸟类337种。

三 | 每年4月起，衡水湖会有2万多只鸟儿在这里筑巢育雏。到了8月，幼鸟离巢学飞，正是观鸟的好时候。来衡水湖观鸟，成了京津冀暑期游的热门选择。上午坐游船，下午返程，这是董伟以前来衡水湖的出行安排。旅游业态单一、留不住人，曾是衡水湖旅游景区面临的一道难题。“这两年，我们陆续对梅花岛、樱花岛等点位的研学基地进行了提质升级，努力打造国际知名观鸟摄影和观鸟研学交流地。”衡水湖文化旅游发展集团有限公司副总经理李会龙介绍，目前，他们已开发了4个系列300多门研学课程，满足全年龄、全时、全季研学旅游需求。“衡水湖可看可玩的地方越来越多了。”这一次的衡水湖之旅让董伟惊喜不断。

四 | 全新的观鸟研学路线，更是让他印象深刻。衡水湖历史文化生态研学馆内，数字化视觉技术让董伟身临其境地饱览衡水湖美景；梅花岛上，树道天桥、地心漫游、仿生鸭巢等近自然生态体验点，让孩子在游戏中沉浸式体验鸟儿的栖息环境。“刚才坐乌篷船穿过一片荷花，一只白鹭擦着船舷飞过，孩子举着望远镜追了半天，一眼就叫出了鸟的名字。”董伟说，寓教于乐的研学形式，让孩子在亲近自然中开阔眼界、增长知识。观鸟研学破圈，激活全域旅游新活力。李会龙介绍，依托国家5A级旅游景区的优势和富集的鸟类资源，衡水湖旅游景区以观鸟研学作为文旅发展突破口，将樱花岛、梅花岛、鸭鸭乐园、孙敬学堂等景点串联成线，不断丰富游玩体验，打造出独具特色的沉浸式文旅业态。今年暑期，衡水湖旅游景区还推出了“避暑消夏狂欢季”活动，乘坐乌篷船赏荷、划皮划艇戏水闯关……更多体验感和参与感的沉浸式旅游场景，让单纯“看湖”变为沉浸式湿地体验，让生态颜值转化为文旅产值。

五 | 乘船回到码头，董伟的这趟暑期之旅并没有结束。

六 | 到冀州老街尝美食、到孙敬学堂学古礼、到鸭鸭乐园看实景演出……接下来的行程，令一家人满怀期待。南来北往的游客多了，景区周边的农家乐饭店、特色农产品门店也跟着火起来。

七 | 中午时分，衡水湖畔的跃龙居饭店内人声鼎沸、饭菜飘香。铁锅炖鱼、香煎鱼排、麻酱荷叶尖等特色美味端上餐桌，游客们围坐桌前，尽享地道湖鲜滋味。为了招揽顾客，饭店老板李秀巧还在饭店大堂摆放上毛笔、内画、烤鸭蛋、荷叶茶等礼盒。游客品尝渔家美食之余，还能选购当地的特色产品，把衡水湖独有的文化韵味带到天南海北。曾经的渔民，如今守在家门口吃上了“旅游饭”。李秀巧高兴地说，衡水湖的景色越来越美，他们的日子也会越过越红火。

八 | 李会龙说，未来，衡水湖旅游景区将持续丰富旅游业态、提升服务水平，全力打造京津冀休闲度假优选之地，带动周边群众就近就业、稳定增收。（日报记者 焦 磊 见习记者 崔玉洁）。

九 |